Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are illnesses caused by newly identified pathogens or by known microbes that are appearing in new populations, spreading more widely, or becoming more severe. They pose a significant global health challenge due to their unpredictable nature, potential for rapid transmission, and social, economic, and…
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), also called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), remain one of the most significant public health challenges globally. They are infections primarily spread through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex. Some can also be transmitted through blood, from mother to child during pregnancy or…
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, most commonly caused by viral infections but also linked to alcohol use, toxins, medications, and autoimmune conditions. The liver plays a crucial role in filtering toxins, producing bile, and metabolizing nutrients, so any damage to it can have serious health consequences.…
Malaria remains one of the world’s most serious public health challenges, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and parts of Latin America. Caused by parasites of the Plasmodium species and transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes, malaria continues to affect millions every year. Despite advances…
The COVID-19 pandemic has been one of the most defining global health challenges of the 21st century. Beyond the immediate crisis, it has left behind invaluable lessons for how the world can better prepare, respond, and recover from future health emergencies. As nations, organizations, and communities reflect on…